FOREWORD FROM THE CSO The inaugural Space Capstone Publication, Spacepower (SCP) is capstone doctrine for the United States Space Force and represents our Service's first articulation of an independent theory of spacepower. Computer network exploitation has the potential to ensure that joint force commanders thoroughly understand the uniquely complex megacity environment. Learn more. The U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command appears to have fully grasped the ability of cyber and electromagnetic activities to understand and shape the physical battlespace, as evidenced by the development of the multi-domain battle concept. However, while this framework may be adequate for smaller cities, the uniquely layered characteristics of the megacity make the current doctrinal framework insufficient to win a fight in this environment. Currently, mobile broadband networks (third generation [3G] and above) reach 84 percent of the global population, and mobile broadband subscriptions are growing at double-digit rates in developing countries.26 Because individuals utilize mobile broadband networks for a wide variety of activitiesincluding texting, emailing, banking, reading the news, and interacting via social mediathis data, when properly aggregated and scrutinized, can provide insights on everything from movement patterns to public opinion and to the functioning of illicit criminal networks. The Basic Aerospace Doctrine of the United States Air Force specifies aerospace control as the key mission that is associated with the core competence of air and space superiority. China's 2006 White Paper on Space Activities sets out China's space power priorities. The doctrine may be traced to ancient and medieval . Space superiority / supremacy may be localized in time and space, or it may be broad and enduring. As of 2014, there were twenty-eight megacities in the world, and that number is projected to reach forty-one by the year 2030.1 Furthermore, a global explosion in internet and cellular access has resulted in cities and populations that are densely networked. Four U.S. Air Force F-15E Strike Eagles assigned to the 334th Fighter Squadron at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina, fly over the U.S. megacity of New York, September 2017. However, when the U.S. military is called upon to fight and win in a densely populated, heavily networked megacity, acknowledging the importance of cyberwarfare will not be enoughoperational commanders striving to win the fight on the ground will need to win the digital fight first. To effectively employ this operating concept, however, the joint force must adjust its doctrine and organization. 9781286861721: Toward Better Space Superiority Doctrine - Sandlin, Brian S.: 1286861721 - AbeBooks 226 0 obj
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iE,S To overcome these challenges, joint forces with cyberspace superiority can employ nonlethal fires and cyberspace intelligence collection to disrupt enemy air defense targeting systems, geolocate and maintain custody of targets prior to engaging them, conduct electronic surveillance and reconnaissance from the air, conduct airborne manipulation or disruption of enemy communications, and many other actions that shape the physical battlespace in the megacity. In order to enjoy freedom of maneuver in this challenging coastal zone, maritime forces must employ nonlethal fires to achieve effects such as identifying adversary networks concealed in civilian marine traffic, manipulating or disrupting enemy communications, manipulating or disrupting enemy navigation systems, transmitting instructions or misleading messages to civilian vessels, and shutting down communications and electrical networks on shore in advance of an amphibious assault. 2009 version of JP 3-14 defines space power as "the total strength of a nation's capabilities to conduct and influence activities to, in, through, and from space to achieve its objectives."4 This definition seems to be broad enough to capture all elements of space powermilitary and civilian and is similar to other earlier Digital communication networks that the joint force cannot access provide freedom of action to an adversary in a megacity, while also providing opportunities for an adversary to disrupt U.S. freedom of action. China believes in an "attack to deter" doctrine that extends past the U.S. concept of space warfare as non-kinetic jamming, but instead "rapid, destructive" actions against space targets. Physically isolating key terrain in a megacity environment is also unfeasible due to the requirement to control the lines of communication (LOCs) that provide an adversary force with people, materiel, and information. Web page addresses and email addresses turn into links automatically. This makes cyberspace superiority a crucial operational prerequisite for military operations in a megacity, supplanting air superiority. 0000009235 00000 n
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This concept will closely mirror the concept of air superiority, long considered an operational prerequisite for freedom of action in the other domains. To mitigate this, superiority in the cyberspace domain can set the conditions for friendly freedom of action in the other domains. for each space system and calls into question the underlying doctrine that ties space operations together. The simple but uncomfortable conclusion of Grynkewichs The 2030 problem2 is that the historical game changer approach to gaining air superiority, such as a new generation fighter, is untenable in 2030. : In the surveillance of space and space situation awareness mission area, analysis identifies disconnects in the areas of terminology, degree necessary for space control, influence, and space environment. Accelerate F-35 buy . A radical shift in thinking on air superiority that is focussed on data integration and exploiting the cyber and space domains is analogous to the reframing of concepts for delivery of nuclear weapons. It's cool and wet nature allows it to appease the mind and body. 0000008822 00000 n
Just as New York Citys analytic task force did, a U.S. military force operating in a megacity environment using big data can collect and analyze massive amounts of digital data generated daily. This article outlines the shortfalls in current joint doctrine when applied to the megacity environment and demonstrate how cyberspace superiority can enable the joint force to overcome these disadvantages. 0000008393 00000 n
Click here to watch the Global Vigilance, Global Reach, Global Power for America Video, An official website of the United States government, Pacific island-hopping campaign of World War II, Will Rogers ANGB selected as sole candidate to replace MC-12s with new AT-802U Sky Warden Formal Training Unit, CSAF promotes retired WWII triple ace fighter pilot to brigadier general, B-21 Raider makes public debut; will become backbone of Air Forces bomber fleet, AFRL enhances Computed Tomography Lab with state-of-the-art infrastructure, imaging capabilities, Air, Space Forces transition to AFWERX 3.0, DAF announces 2022 Air Force Design Award winners, Aerodynamic technologies for mobility aircraft promise high return on investment, AFCENTs innovation Task Force 99 establishes ops, HQ, AFGSC takes next steps in making Air Forces first hypersonic weapon, New 'Spirit Realm B-2 Spirit software factory keeps fleet operational enabling combat relevancy for years to come, Bussiere assumes command of Air Force Global Strike Command, Robins AFB takes next step in establishing new missions, US, Israeli air forces execute fighter escort, refueling exercise, AETC commander announces rebalanced mission, vision focus, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. President Ronald Reagan believed that strategic restraint in space hampered U.S. national security interests. These may be networks belonging to insurgents or criminal organizations, or to a government-controlled communications network run by a hostile nation-state. There was an error retrieving your Wish Lists. (Photo by Boyd Belcher, U.S. Air Force), The multi-domain battle concept, however insightful, broad, overarching, and, applicable to a wide range of different operating environments, must nevertheless be adapted to the unique characteristics manifest in each. {/COyI^iqo|MS9y;e!OAsV:p`> _^CR*dDS.NL1AcxhIu The four elements are believed to rule the 12 zodiac signs. ubiquinol vs ubidecarenone. 0000007084 00000 n
Air Force doctrine recognizes a fully integrated spectrum of military operations. Reagan also created U.S. Space Command, which was eliminated in 2002 and then revived in 2019. While CNE has the potential to provide an unprecedented level of understanding of the megacity environment, a joint task force must have cyberspace superiority to collect, analyze, and glean insights from this valuable resource. And we must unite around a compelling narrative focused predominantly on the concept that we work actively to retain and strengthen our space superiority. Finally, several obstacles to joint space-mindedness exist, which impact the robustness of joint and service doctrine. four elements to the doctrinal space superiority construct. Future editions of JP 3-06 should contain a portion dedicated to the unique characteristics of megacities, the challenges they present in the physical domains, and options to defeat these challenges via the cyberspace domain. Similarly, in todays urban environment, a vast majority of individuals and institutions are connected via digital communications networks, providing a trove of data that allows a better understanding of the environment. Selectively isolate key portions of the urban environment. Many command and control grids will be automated and performed by machines, which will help achieve fast and decisive actions required for air superiority. others try to deny us, will be
A. Grynkewich, The Future of Air Superiority, Part I: The Imperative, 3 January 2017. In addition to its strengths, air power has limitations, such as impermanence2, payload limitations and relative vulnerability. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. Quoting President Xi Jinping's speeches, Chinese Communist Party (CCP) theoreticians attribute China's success in containing the COVID-19 pandemic and Western countries Available: A. Grynkewich, The Future of Air Superiority, Part II: The 2030 Problem, 5 January 2017. ahead are critical to the growth of space superiority, but we also. You're listening to a sample of the Audible audio edition. Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! For now, the headquarters will remain in Colorado Springs, Colorado, on a provisional basis. JP 3-0, Joint Operations, states that control of the air is a prerequisite to success for modern operations or campaigns because it prevents enemy air assets from interfering with operations in other domains thus facilitating freedom of action.17 However, as previously discussed, the complexity of the physical and human terrain in a megacity can significantly diminish the advantages gained from air superiority. : This blog explores the relevance of USAF Brigadier General Alex Grynkewich's four-part series on the future of air superiority: (1) The Imperative1; (2) The 2030 problem2; (3) Defeating A2/AD3; and (4) Autonomy, survivability, and getting to 20304; to Australian air and space power. A megacitys physical and population characteristics stack the deck against U.S. ground forces from the outset. Please try again. Consequently, as urban contingencies emerge, the multi-domain battle concept must be tailored to the megacity environment, which is unique in that it combines large spaces, complex and restrictive physical terrain, and dense human populations. We work hard to protect your security and privacy. Without it, our Nations military would have to radically change the way it fights, which would likely occur at the price of more lives lost. Toward Better Space Super has been added to your Cart. Called Counterspace Operations (AFDD 2 . An effective command and control grid3 uses data for decision processes. Please try again. 0000002869 00000 n
For the joint force to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative in a megacity environment, joint task force commanders must prioritize cyberspace superiority rather than air superiority as an operational prerequisite. THE NOTION OF the 'superiority of the political system' of the People's Republic of China (PRC) is at the heart of the construction of national 'confidence' in the Xi Jinping era. The four-part series summarise the efforts and findings of the United States Air Forces (USAF) Air Superiority 2030 Enterprise Capabilities Collaboration Team (ECCT) and the subsequent Air Superiority Flight Plan 20305. 4. In terms of National Power in the past, the majority of modern Grey-Zone activities centred on clear Diplomatic, Information, non-lethal Military and Economic actions. Counterspace operations have defensive and offensive elements, both of which depend on robust space situation awareness. : Army Gen. James H. Dickinson said each of the other combatant commands as well as the commercial sector, allies and partners rely on the space-based assets and capabilities that Spacecom defends. These lessons should be adapted and applied to prepare for future multi-domain battles in megacities. Symon and Tarapore, Defense Intelligence Analysis in the Age of Big Data, 5. (Photo by Staff Sgt. Maj. Austin G. Commons, U.S. Army, is a student at the United States Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. 0000005888 00000 n
$22.92 10 Used from $16.34 4 New from $22.91. An unclassified summary and fact sheet of the strategy was released Wednesday as the U.S. government continues to increase its emphasis on the . The development of intercontinental ballistic missiles in the 1950s saw the USAF shift away from a bomber-only model for nuclear operations. Examples of systems that are able to do this already exist. (D 27: , , . In coming years, our Nations ability to gain and maintain superiority in all operating domains
According to joint doctrine for space operations, these four space mission areas "contribute to joint operations" and thus are the means by which the United States attains space superiority.2 Since the early years of the space era, threats and issues have arisen to chal-lenge US operations in these areas. Unable to add item to List. Lines and paragraphs break automatically. not only on the Air Forces ability to dominate in the air, but also on its ability
commonality in elements of strategy and methods of warfighting. Designed to address overarching themes, AFDD 1 provides a rough guide to where counterspace--"those operations conducted to attain and maintain a desired degree of space superiority"--fits in Air Force operations. Toward Better Space Superiority Doctrine endobj
(Photo courtesy of the U.S. Army). This task force collected and analyzed information ranging from tax records to rodent complaints in order to more efficiently address illegal housing practices and improve public safety.25 The data this task force used already existed in a wide variety of city databasesit simply needed to be aggregated, correlated, and otherwise analyzed to produce useful insights. "It will be able to accomplish a circum-lunar mission," Fisher added. Viktor Mayer-Schonberger and Kenneth Cukier. Accordingly, the need to preserve superiority . Available: Enterprise Capability Collaboration Team, Air Superiority 2030 Flight Plan, US Air Force, Washington DC, 2016. From the beloved author of the bestselling To Bless the Space Between Us and Anam Cara comes a new work that shares his insights on nature and the ancient wisdom of this earth. United Nations (UN), World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights (New York: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2014), 2, accessed 3 November 2017. Current joint urban operations doctrine is insufficient to guide military operations in a megacity due to the unique challenges presented by their layered combination of size, density, and complexity. Marines with the 3rd Marine Logistics Group set up a satellite in support of the combat operations center at Landing Zone Macaw at the Central Training Area on Okinawa, Japan, Jan. 21, 2020. 0000009020 00000 n
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bhmi or pthv (),; pas or jala (),; agn or tejas (),; vyu, vyna, or vta (air or wind); ka, vyom, or nya (space or zero) or (aether or void). 2 0 obj
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